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The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective Scientists

The great author Stephen Covey wrote one of the most popular books of the 20th century, entitled The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. After reading this book again and again it made me think, that are there some habits that make a scientist highly effective? Therefore, this blog is a tribute to the great Stephen Covey, whose book inspired me to write this blog.

Many young science students aspire to become scientist. However, very few of them convert the dream into reality. Most people with a dream just keep dreaming and never do anything about it. I believe the most common reason is the lack of knowledge and guidance about the research field. Most young students don’t even know the basic habits that the most effective scientists around the world have. Therefore, in this blog I will mention seven habits that make a scientist highly effective and successful in their careers.

THE FIRST HABIT

The first habit of highly effective scientists is the habit of writing. The invest their time in writing something every day. It doesn’t matter what they write, it doesn’t matter if it is related to their fields, they just write something every day.

How do they discipline themselves to write something every day? They have scheduled a particular hour to write. Some scientists have scheduled the very first hour of their day for writing, while some write in the afternoon, or some are like me who write in the evening or the night time. I have my time between 4-6 pm every day or at night 10-11 pm every day to write. How do you think I produce one blog every day? Because of my habit of writing, because I do know that one of the most important habits a scientists have is writing every day.

THE SECOND HABIT:

The second habit that successful scientists have is the habit of reading. They read related to their field and profession every day. Whether it is just a paragraph, or a page, or two to three pages; they don’t waste a single day without reading. To be honest, you cannot write every day if you don’t have a habit of reading every day. Where do you bring the information in your mind to write? It comes because of your reading habit. The reading habit is more important than writing habit in my opinion.

THE THIRD HABIT:

The third habit is the habit of consulting with others. The greatest scientists never consider themselves as the only expert, they consult other scientists and ask for suggestions about their own project. Consulting doesn’t mean lack of confidence, it means they are humble enough to understand that no one is perfect and they have room to be wrong.

THE FOURTH HABIT:

The fourth habit is teaching. Most great scientists have a habit of teaching whatever they learned. The teaching increases their knowledge and it also helps them to share their knowledge with others. They are not selfish to keep the knowledge to themselves but they share their knowledge with the world. Which in turns gives them more knowledge and gives them a good revision of their subject. As Jim Rohn said, “when you teach, people get to hear it once, but you get to hear twice”, because you heard it once before as well. You make your ears hear the message in your own voice.

The greatest and most effective scientists are helpers. They help other scientists grow. They are not jealous and make sure that other scientists also achieve what they have achieved. They don’t hide their habits from others, because they are not insecure and always wish good for others.

THE FIFTH HABIT:

The fifth habit the great scientists have is of thinking. The great scientists think in two ways; the past based thinking; and the future based thinking. They always ask themselves about a how something happened and why it happened (past based thinking), but they also ask themselves how to solve a particular problem (future based thinking).

THE SIXTH HABIT:

The sixth habit that all the great scientists have in common is the habit of working hard. The most effective scientists are never afraid of hard work. They are willing to work in the morning hours, in the afternoon hours, or in the last night hours if needed. They do understand that there is no such thing as smart work only. They know that smart work with hard work produces results.

THE SEVENTH HABIT:

The seventh habit of the most effective and successful scientists is that they are not afraid of anything. They are not scared of writing and publishing their ideas. An ordinary scientist is scared and afraid of writing and publishing his ideas because he is scared of disagreements and criticisms. However, the most effective scientists keep working and producing results, and they keep writing and publishing their findings and beliefs because they are not afraid of what people will say about them or their findings. They are absolutely okay with being wrong. They don’t get offended or feel disrespectful if someone disagrees with their findings and proves their findings wrong. Because they are life long learners and they accept their mistakes and learn from the other scientist who criticizes their findings; because they know that being a human, we all can be wrong. But if the criticism is wrong and unjustified, they forgive the other scientists who criticized them, because they know that we all can make mistakes and we all should be forgiven. This attitude earns them more friends and more helpers who make them more effective and more successful.

CONCLUSION:

Practice these seven habits and enjoy the fruits of these habits. Anyone can develop these habits, it will not be overnight but surely it is possible to learn and develop these habits.

Dr. Hassaan Tohid

Lessons From The Great Scientists Diaries

I once knew an unsuccessful scientist, who had his daily schedule somewhat like this. He used to wake up at 6:00 am, reach his lab immediately around 7:00 am. Yes, he used to start working at 7:00 am. He stayed in the lab until 8:00 or 9:00 pm working on the tests and data collection. For the lab he was an asset probably, but he never had publications, never increased his knowledge, never even read a single book, and never got promoted. He worked at that lab for over 5 years and never got promoted despite such a hardworking daily routine. What went wrong with him? Despite being so hardworking why he never attained remarkable success?

Why some scientists are great, while some are ordinary? Many people think that success is all about luck and about the people you know. Remember, the success in career or success in life in general has little to do with luck or the people you know. The luck and the people are the results of certain things that all successful people have in common. What are those common characteristics? They all have learned some life lessons that they have adopted in their lives.

THE LESSON OF TAKING ABSOLUTE RESPONSIBILITY

We have been conditioned to blame others for our failures. We tend to blame others for all the wrong things happened to us. However, when it comes to success and our victories, we always try to take credit. Either of these two things is correct, either you are responsible for your failure or you are not responsible for your successes. The successful scientists understand this fact that everything that has happened to them in their lives is because of their actions and decisions in life. They know that they are responsible for their lives, their careers, and their social status in life.

When someone has such a belief system that whatever has happened and will happen will be because of him, he tends to work towards his success. He plans his success and work towards it. The successful people don’t leave their lives on autopilot. While an unsuccessful scientist doesn’t plan his life, because he thinks success will come as a result of luck or contacts. He will not work in the right direction, the only kind of hard work he will do will be the one that will not take him anywhere. He will not take the right decision.

I want you to take 100 percent responsibility of your life. Believe this with conviction that anything that has happened to you and will happen to you is because of you alone. No one is responsible for your failures except you, and no one is responsible for your successes but you. It is rightly said, that successful people and unsuccessful people, both are self-made, but only successful people admit it.

The failures don’t admit it. So be successful and be responsible. Don’t be like that scientist, he always blamed everyone else for his situation, sometimes he blamed the economy, sometimes his boss, and sometimes his wife. But he never understood, that the problem was he himself. Had he grown professionally, learned more, taken classes, taken more courses, and certificates, and had more and more publications under his belt, he would have been promoted and would have been a senior and renowned scientist by now.

This is one of the most important lessons I have myself learned in my life. I am fully responsible for my whole life. That is why, I request you to change your thought process and take absolute responsibility of your lives.

THE LESSON OF THE FROGS

Once upon a time, there was a well, some frogs accidentally fell inside the well. They tried to come out of the well by jumping but failed. They kept trying and trying but were not able to come out of the well. There were other frogs sitting at the edge of the well. They started telling the frogs inside the well, “You cannot jump out of it”, “You will die”, “You will remain inside this well for the rest of your lives.”

Eventually one frog died, another frog died, then another frog died. Gradually, all the frogs died, except one. This frog who didn’t die, he somehow jumped out and saved his life. Other frogs out of astonishment asked him, “How did you come out?” He didn’t answer, they asked again, he didn’t answer, they asked again, he didn’t answer. Until all the frogs realized that this last frog was deaf. He couldn’t hear anything. This was the reason of him coming out of the well, because he didn’t hear those negative comments that he cannot come out.

The greatest scientists are like that deaf frog, they refuse to listen to the negative comments by other people. They just believe that they can be successful, and one day they really become successful. You should be like that deaf frog too, don’t listen to anyone who says you cannot be successful. Each one of us can be successful, regardless of the background. All those who are successful today, became successful in their lives because of ignoring the negative comments people said about them. Everyone in his/her life will encounter people who will tell him/her that he/she cannot be successful. This is the nature’s way of making you successful, this is how the universe is designed, if there are no negative people who try to discourage you, then how can most of us be motivated to be successful? How can we enjoy success? We enjoy success when we have people around us who tell us that we cannot be successful, and when we become successful, the faces of those negative people become sad, while you are happy. Don’t you want to see those negative people’s sad faces?

Somewhere that hardworking scientist who couldn’t become successful, started to believe that he will never be successful, and his belief became his reality. I don’t want you to be like that scientist. I want all of you to be the most successful people of your field. Thus, stand up, take a decision, that you will not listen to negative people’s comments and will achieve your dreams.

ESSENCE:

Learn the lessons of the greatest of your field. They all have some properties common. Observe them, and learn from them, and be like them. Take absolute responsibility of your life and be deaf to the world.

Dr. Hassaan Tohid

The Diet Plan Of The Most Successful Scientists Of The World

It is an open secret that in order to be successful we must emulate successful people. We should schedule our day like successful people, we should behave like them, we should spend our life like them. If we want to be physically fit, we need to follow what the physically fittest people do, we need to follow their diet plan and their exercise routine.

Now if you want to be a successful scientist then you need to do what successful scientists do. What is that secret diet that will make you an expert scientist? I will discuss that in detail what expert scientists eat each day, and if you eat that every day, you will become a successful scientist. Now the question is, does it sound logical? Does it make sense to you that if you follow certain diet plan, you will become a scientist? Now let me discuss the breakfast plan, lunch, and the dinner plan of the most successful scientists each day. I promise you, that the diet plan mentioned in this blog will not just make you a scientist but it will make you one of the greatest scientists around.

THE DIET PLAN OF THE GREATEST SCIENTISTS:

BREAKFAST DIET

The morning diet of the successful scientists is not what you are thinking about. I know you expect me to give a magical eating formula to you that the successful scientist eat every day like a particular brand of bread, a special butter, a unique jam, some vegan toast, or some special coffee extracted from the remote village of Bahamas. I am sorry to disappoint you, because there are all kinds of best scientists, diabetic scientists, obese scientists, heart patients, and many more. There is no universal diet plan that makes you a scientist. The morning diet plan of every successful scientist is that they “read”. They read recently published articles in scientific journals, or read some sort of book on their specialty. This is their morning diet, and I want you to follow that diet. Some scientists attend morning seminar because they consider it very fruitful for themselves. Some scientists read text books on their specialty, while some scientists write their manuscripts early in the morning. Some scientists just meditate, while some scientists just read minimum one abstract in their specialty published in a renowned journal. Some scientists read journals of which they have the monthly subscription. Some scientists just go for a walk, some exercise, and they all eat just like us. Because what you eat doesn’t make you a scientist, what you do every day makes you a scientist. This is the morning diet of the successful scientists. Are you willing to adopt any of these diet plans I mentioned? Can you also have a similar breakfast? I think you can…

DAILY LUNCH DIET

What do the best scientists eat for lunch? At the lunch hour they are working hard on their project, they are either brainstorming, or thinking about their study or their project. Some scientists are busy writing their articles. They eat what all of us eat as humans. But one thing is for sure, they don’t waste a lot of time eating, they have a quick lunch, so that they are back on track on their mission and their goal. The project they are working on is their mission. Their day time is their best time to focus on their task, they never waste that time. You should do the same.

DAILY DINNER PLAN:

The dinner of a scientist is a very important diet. What do they eat? They eat the knowledge they acquire from different books, from different research articles, and from different seminars that they attended at the breakfast or lunch time. They revise the notes they took from those seminars or webinars, or the brainstorming meetings they attended. Many other scientists consider the dinner time as the family time and they have a wonderful family dinner just like all of us. There is no supernatural diet that any scientist used that made him a scientist. The scientists become what they are because of the hard wok , diligence, determination, dedication, learning, and improving themselves.

CONCLUSION:

If there is a diet plan that can make you a scientist, it is hard work, continous learning, reading, brainstorming, thinking, educating oneself, and self improvement. There is no magic diet or plan or recipe that can make you a scientist. I am sorry to disappoint you, but being a scientist is a combination of certain qualities rather then eating certain food items, whoever can possess these qualities will become a scientist. Any of us can be a scientist, but the one who eats the kind of breakfast, lunch, and dinner I mentioned in this blog will be one day considered as one of the greatest scientists around. Do you want to start this diet?

Dr. Hassaan Tohid

How To Create Survey Questions For A Cross-sectional Study

Before I answer the question on how to create a survey question for a cross-sectional study (descriptive study), we need to understand what a cross-sectional study is. A cross-sectional study is one of the observational studies that is also called as a prevalence study, or transverse study. In a cross-sectional study we need to see what is happening at one particular point in time. This is how we actually differentiate a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study. With later being a study in which we analyze and observe what is happening at multiple points in time. The way we differentiate cross-sectional study from other observational studies is that a cross-sectional study is focused on the entire population, whereas, other observational studies such as case control and cohort are focused on particular people of a population with certain illness or a risk factor.

The most challenging question for a novice researcher is how to conduct a cross-sectional study. Remember, you can create survey or interview questions to conduct a cross-sectional study. However, the validity of the questionnaire is a challenge that you need to surpass. However, the assessment of validity of your survey questions is not a daunting task that only experts can attain. Now lets discuss how to create valid survey questions.

HOW TO DEVELOP VALID SURVEY QUESTIONS:

The most common format of survey questions is the Lickert Scale Questions. You can create around 20-30 or more (there is no limit) questions in a Lickert format and then record the answers. However, this is not the only format of survey questions. You can choose any type of questionnaire. The challenge is not to choose what kind of survey questionnaire you will use. The challenge is
“how can you know if your survey questions are valid?” The validity of questions can be checked by following certain steps described by the expert Dave Collingridge. The steps are as follows:

FACE VALIDITY

Dave Collingridge believes, that this is the first step in checking the validity of the research questionnaire for surveys. This is a two step process and involves two individuals or two groups of scientists. The first group of scientists analyzes the scientific aspect of your topic. This group sees if your questions are relevant to your topic. The second group however, looks at structure of the questions and is an expert in question building and looks for possible errors and confusion in your questions.

PILOT STUDY:

Conduct a short pilot study with the same questions and some participants who will probably be present in your real pool of people, who will answer the questions. The purpose of this pilot study is to see the results of the study and eliminate irrelevant or useless questions if any. In the pilot study, the scientists want to see if the questions measure what they really wanted to measure. Once your pilot study is a success, it gives you a green signal to start your study. Even a very small sample can give you an idea about the validity of the questions, however, it’s always better to include a bigger sample size.

DATA CLEANING:

The next step is data cleaning- this is also achieved by having at least two scientists involved – which is a very important step. One scientist should read the data aloud while the other records the findings on a computer software. This reduces the chances of error.

The next step is to look for possible errors by the survey participants while answering the negatively phrased questions. For example, the questions like “I don’t dislike to eat pizza”. These are the questions that anyone can easily answer incorrectly because of the complexity of understanding the phrase due to the negative words present in the question. The scientists will have to look at these questions and compare them with similar questions with positive phrases to figure out whether these questions really have no error involved.

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)

This helps the scientists to assess if the survey measures what it was supposed to measure. This actually analyzes what is being measured in the survey. This also helps the scientists to decide if certain questions should be removed or added.

You will need an expert of PCA to assist you with this step. You can find many such experts on the websites like freelance or upwork.

INTERNAL CONSISTENCY:

The Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) test is usually used for this step and you will need an expert of statistics to help you with this step.

SURVEY REVISION:

This is the last step in validation of the survey questions. After the PCA and CA you need to revise the survey according to the PCA and CA results. Remove irrelevant questions and keep valid, important, and relevant questions. This is how you maintain the validity of your survey questions. All of these steps will be written and mentioned in the method section of your manuscript to make your article quality high.

CONCLUSION:

Two steps will require a professional experienced statistician to assist you. If you cannot do that on your own, don’t feel bad. That is why professional statisticians are there to help the scientists like us.